Retirement and old age Essays

Retirement and mature age Essays Retirement and mature age Essay Retirement and mature age Essay Retirement and mature age Many individuals decide to resign when they are qualified for private or open annuity benefits, albeit some are compelled to resign when states of being no longer permit the individual to work anything else (by sickness or mishap) or because of enactment concerning their position. These days most created nations have frameworks to give benefits on retirement in mature age, which might be supported by businesses or potentially the state. In numerous less fortunate nations, support for the old is still for the most part gave through the family. In numerous western nations this privilege is referenced in national onstitutions. The standard retirement age shifts from nation to nation however it is by and large somewhere in the range of 50 and 70 (as per most recent insights, 2011). The rundown incorporates 91 nations, home to 89 percent of the universes old. Sweden best the rundown, trailed by Norway and Germany. It is intriguing to take note of that Japan, where the yearly occasion of older individuals regarding turned into a national occasion 50 years prior, just barely arrives at the best ten. Additionally, Austria, which in a comparable, ongoing overview by Forbes, was at the highest priority on their rundown, was excluded from this review by any means. Our nation involved 60th osition, in front of Poland, Serbia, Ukraine, Moldova and Russia. The most awkward nations for the old to be living are Pakistan, Tanzania and Afghanistan. The investigation shows that the marker of GDP per capita is a poor one for old individuals. For instance, less fortunate nations like Mauritius and Sri Lanka are high up on the rundown on account of their dynamic social arrangements, while the USA, with every one of its wealth, is just in eighth spot. Specialists considered, not just the pay of the individuals who are more than 60, yet in addition their condition of wellbeing, instruction, business, ideal condition and their social action. The quantity of individuals of respectable age is developing, and by 2050 there will be in excess of 2 billion of them. As per estimates, the measure of older individuals in Belarus will arrive at 28 percent in the following 12 years. The most youthful individuals, adolescents, individuals in their 20s, are the least glad pack. Theres a great deal of vulnerability and you are framing your personality and youre not so much sure what your identity is. You probably won't have the certainty that you have when youre more seasoned. In any case, the studies show that individuals will in general get more joyful as they get more seasoned and that pinnacle happens genuinely late. By DianaSea

Leaman brother Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leaman sibling - Research Paper Example ublish its budget report so when the fiscal summaries were discharged to people in general, the fiscal reports may delineate that the bank had cash and was paying its account holders (Hallman 1). When a time of seven or less days had passed and the record proclamations were distributed, the bank repurchased sold resources. Anton Valukas was doled out the obligation of investigate the matter of Lehman Brother and uncover the explanations behind its tumble down. Valukas states that the Repo 105 exchange was first detailed by Mathew Lee who was a worker of Lehman. Lee began by detailing the exchanges to the administration of Lehman and later announced the discoveries to the organization’s reviewing firm, Ernst and Young and no moves were made (Hallman 1). When the firm could no longer enjoy Repo 105, it needed to begin portraying that it was exceptionally utilized and didn't have cash to take care of its obligation and at last the bank petitioned for financial protection. Because of this few partners needed to encounter material just as enthusiastic misfortunes. The primary partners who were adversely affected incorporated the organizations that had loaned cash to the bank, the investors of the bank and its representatives. At the point when the organization failed there were in excess of 25000 representatives working for them and a significant level of them needed to encounter joblessness and social and mental related with it (Corelli 326). Moreover, the investors needed to lose their cash since the organization was not performing great and it has been recorded that because of the tumble down of the organization around $10 trillion assets were infused out of the value markets (Corelli 326). It is accepted yet not yet demonstrated that the CPA firm called Ernst and Young (E&Y) was engaged with the monetary misrepresentation directed by Lehman Brother. They are said to have been associated with the concealment of this misrepresentation. Because of these claims against the CPA firm a few common claims were documented against the firm after the breakdown of Lehman Brothers. These claims

Financial accounting (Asset, liability, revenue, expense and sale) Essay

Money related bookkeeping (Asset, obligation, income, cost and deal) - Essay Example Further those are named substantial or immaterial resources. Utilization of fixed resources is discounted to benefit and misfortune account as devaluation. Liabilities are of two sorts, to be specific current liabilities and non-current liabilities. Liabilities whose commitment to pay emerge inside a time of a year or in a business cycle are called current liabilities. These are grouped in accounting report on liabilities side as ‘current liabilities’ and furthermore incorporate the present commitments (emerging inside a year) of long haul liabilities. It might likewise be appeared as reasoning from current resources so as to figure net current resources. Long haul liabilities or non-current liabilities are those are expected to be paid past a time of a year or a business cycle. These are demonstrated independently than current liabilities on risk side of monetary record. Costs: Expenses for the most part result from increments in liabilities or diminishes in resources. For instance lease for utilization of business premises builds the present liabilities and in this manner brings about costs. Costs are deducted from all out income or pay in a salary articulation or benefit and misfortune account so as to figure benefits or misfortunes during a bookkeeping period. Costs might be income consumption or non-income use Revenue costs are utilized to register benefits or misfortunes of the business. Non-income costs are by and large added to resources in regard of which those are caused. Deal: Sale of merchandise happens on move of possession to the purchaser and receipt of significant worth or guarantee to the business estimation of such products. Deals are perceived as income from standard business of element. The merchandise managed in are those in the customary course of business of the substance. Deal is treated as income or salary in the benefit and misfortune represent reason for figuring of benefit or misfortune earned during the bookkeeping time frame. Deals that are

Drinking age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Drinking age - Essay Example Utilizing the exploration directed in 2005 by White and Hayman by means of ‘Australian Secondary School Students and Drug Use Survey’, reports show that roughly 40% out of tests from the 16-multi year-old drinking Australian populace admitted that guardians bear boss impact in alcoholic utilization. Moreover, such discoveries had no significant difference from among the individuals who got impact from companions through the friend weight of drinking on a week by week premise. Still the inquiry remains what age must one be lawfully permitted to drink and to what degree should it be endured comparative with different types of compulsion. White and Hayman (2006) analyzed whether parental control of drinking might be ascribed to the event of hazardous drinking for transient mischief (RSOD) and liquor related troublesome practices, for example, physical and boisterous attack from an example of underage consumers. Research shows that 86% of young people 16-17 years old are existing liquor purchasers while some 20% give off an impression of being week after week RSOD and over 34% engage in any event one instance of liquor connected issue with direct. In addition, it is discovered that insignificant prohibiting of liquor drinking for youth 18 isn't basically adequate. New designs for proper intervention and shirking are evidently fundamental as per the investigation of parental request that was figured to affect lesser paces of RSOD and liquor related social conduct. This somewhat infers the probability that by changing the typical gracefully of liquor from the source other than the guardians to the guardians alone, the mo ve may realize great limitation to the measure of utilization and injury among the young people. Be that as it may, as much as parental direction toward liquor gracefully control is viewed as one positive methodology, it is very unexplored and should in this way experience intensive examination as promising other option (Dietze, Livingston,

Reading Pathways Valentine De Landro

Reading Pathways Valentine De Landro Valentine De Landro will be speaking at Book Riot Live 2016, November 12 and 13 in New York City. Valentine De Landro is an illustrator, artist, and designer who has been working in comics for years, creating art for superhero comic books with Marvel and DC, other licensed properties like Buffy: the Vampire Slayer, and now his own creator-owned comic with Kelly Sue DeConnick. Not sure where to start with his work? We’ve got you covered! Cover by Valentine De Landro I first discovered De Landro through Bitch Planet, the feminist sci-fi prison colony series he co-created with Kelly Sue DeConnick in 2014, and I would recommend you start there. Bitch Planet tells the story of several women deemed “non-compliant” by the government, sent to be rehabilitated on the Auxiliary Compliance Outpost Bitch Planet, as it were. Bitch Planet houses thieves and murderers, but also women who just don’t fit within the patriarchal system. Women who don’t accept being cheated on by their husbands. Who are fat. Who talk back. Who stand up for themselves. In issue 4 one of the inmates, Kam, is looking through the files of her fellow non-compliant women and many of their crimes I’d be proud to commit: political incitement, development and distribution of gender propaganda, criminal literacy… De Landro’s art is essential to the comic, contributing enormously to the exploitation/grindhouse movie feel. He honestly depicts women’s bodies, bodies with shape s we rarely get to see in any media, and does it without shame or sexualization. Start with the first trade paperback, Bitch Planet Volume 1: Extraordinary Machine, but it’s worth picking up individual issues as well, which come with bonus feminist essays not included in the trade. After that, check out De Landros run on Marvel Knights 4, starting with issue 19 (collected in Marvel Knights Fantastic Four, Vol. 4: Impossible Things Happen Every Day). Its the beginning of a short arc about the Inhumans, who you may be familiar with from Marvels Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. tv show. Even if youre not, there is enough exposition for a newbie to jump on board. This series, focusing on the Fantastic 4, continues the sci-fi tone from Bitch Planet and is a great jumping on point for De Landros superhero work. I could stare at his drawings of the Thing for hours. For more superhero comics, try X-Factor. De Landro penciled many issues of this Marvel comic about a detective agency for mutants, but Id recommend starting with issue 39 (collected in X-Factor Vol. 7: Time and a Half). It works well as a standalone story, answering the question “Whats it like when mutants have babies?” De Landro’s art conveys both the wonder and the horror of becoming a parent, and may make you cry. Lastly, read the Adventures of Superman #17, another collaboration with Kelly Sue DeConnick. Adventures of Superman was a digital-first anthology series published from 2013-2014. It contains stories written and illustrated by various people, published online first in chapters containing one story each. De Landro and DeConnick’s story was published in chapter 50, collected in issue #17. It’s a cute romance between Lois Lane and Superman as they get and give each other presents for Valentine’s Day. It’s as witty as any DeConnick comic, and De Landro’s art expertly conveys Lois and Clark’s emotions through sparse linework. Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Justifying research methodologies in the economic world - Free Essay Example

This Chapter will discuss the methodology used in this research. The justification for the chosen methodology will also be analysed. It will also look at the data collection technique and the approach to be used for analysis to arrive at the findings. Exploratory research such as structured questionnaire will be used to obtain the primary data. This questionnaire was analysed using both the qualitative and quantitative approach. The primary data will also be supported with secondary data such as text books, journals, and the banks website. The goal of this research is to critically analyse Operational risk Management is UK banks, a case study of Barclays UK retail bank. JUSTIFICATION FOR THE CHOICE OF METHODOLOGY According to Saunders, (2007), a research strategy can be exploratory, descriptive and explanatory, taking an inductive or deductive approach. Whatever the case, it is important that the choice of strategy is guided by the research questions, objectives, the extent of existing knowledge , amount of time and other resources available and the researchers philosophical underpinnings all geared towards answering the research questions and meeting the researchers objectives. The three main research strategies are; Exploratory research strategy, according to Creswell, (2009) explores a phenomenon by using quantitative data in the interpretation of qualitative findings. It is particularly useful for a researcher who wants to explore a phenomenon and at the same time expand on qualitative findings. Saunders, (2007) however, noted three principal ways of conducting exploratory research; Literature search Interview of experts in the subject Conducting focus group interviews. D escriptive research strategy is used to gain insight of the variable of interest as it naturally exists and to capture interesting, behaviours that occur naturally (Gravetter and Forzano, 2009). The Observational research, survey research and case study research are the three researches are seen as the different types of descriptive research. Explanatory research strategy studies a situation or a problem in order to establish a causal relationship between variables. Quantitative and qualitative data are therefore used in explorative research strategy (Saunders, 2007). These strategies make use of two distinct approaches; the Induction and Deduction approach. Induction approach observes a relationship in a single case which will be used to observe in several other cases in order to construct a general theory to cover all the cases. The deduction approach simply uses theory to observe particular observations (Gilbert, 2008). For the purpose of this study and in order to achieve the aims and objectives of this research, the researcher will combine the descriptive and explanatory research strategies, using the inductive approach. This is because a framework or theory will be used to analyse a case study. The descriptive research will further portray the accurate profile of the events or situations in the case study. The researchers choice of descriptive strategy will be the use of Survey and Case study research and Archival research. Survey strategy will be used to collect quantitative data which will be analysed quantitatively using descriptive method. The researcher will also be able to bring out possible reasons for particular relationship between variables. The merits of this method, according to Saunders (2007) are that the researcher will have control over the research process. The samples generated will also be a representation of the whole population. However, the limitation is that this process is time consuming as the analysis is depend ent on the respondents. However, the respondents might be bored with the questions if the questions are much. Yin, (2009) describes a case study as an empirical enquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon in depth and within its real-life context especially when the boundaries between the phenomenon and context are clearly not evident. This, he argues makes a case study distinct from all other researches. Saunders, (2007) emphasized on the importance of case study saying it has the ability to answer the questions on Why, What and How with particular emphasis to What and How. The data collection techniques employed in a case study are usually observation, interviews, documentary analysis and questionnaires. A case study can either be single or multiple case study (Yin, 2009, Saunders, 2007). Single case study provides the research an opportunity to observe and analyse a phenomenon, hence single case study defines the actual case. On the other hand, a multiple case study es tablishes a benchmark, using the findings of a first case to analyse the other cases. In addition, a case study can be holistic or embedded. It is holistic when the research is on a single organization as a whole and it is embedded when a number of sub-units within an organization are used for analysis. A multiple case study will be employed in this research as the research will engage in assessing the actual performance of the operational risk framework of Barclays UKRB against its policy framework. The researcher will issue questionnaire, one to the senior management, the managers, supervisors and the staff. This aim is to analyse how operational risk is viewed at the top and how its implementation at the bottom. This will give an in-depth analysis and draw a single set of cross-case conclusion. Archival research makes use of archival records by using administrative records and documents as the principal source of data (Saunders, 2009). The historical undertone however does not mean its only historical documents, modern documents can also be used. These products are important as they form part of the day to day activities of the organization in order words they are part of reality being studied. Archival research also has its limitations. Some documents are classified confidential documents and as such might not be accessed. Secondly, the available data might not contain the information needed or meet the objectives of the researcher (Saunders, 2009). This research will make use of archival documents sourced from annual reports, independent sources and company websites. This will be used to support the survey, explanatory and descriptive strategies. This will give an in depth knowledge on the activities of the banks, culture and strategy thereby helping the researcher achieve the research objectives. RESEARCH DESIGN To illustrate, before a good building is put in place, there is an initial design by an architect who has a style. A research design deals with the aims, uses, intentions and purposes of research. It also deals with the constraints of location, time, money and availability of staff. Just like an architect, a research design has its own unique style with the researchers preference and ideas (Hakim, 2000). The three approaches to research are Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed method research. Qualitative research explores or understands individuals or group attributed to social or human problem (Creswell, 2009). Woods, (2006) noted that a good qualitative research focus on natural settings, interest in meanings, perspective and understanding, emphasizes on process and uses an inductive analysis and grounded theory. He however lists eight methods of qualitative research as observation, interviews, sampling, written materials, questionnaires, validity, ethics and qualitative research assessed such as documentary analysis, observation and interviews. Qualitative research is also seen as a situated activity which locates the observer in the world (Ritchie and Lewis, 2003). This is usually subjective because the researcher interprets the data based on participant observation, in-depth interviews, observation of data collected etc. One good advantage is that the researcher tends to be in control of the research. Qualitative research technique is also more likely to present better quality results and easily interpretable findings (Pickard, 2007). Ritchie and Lewis (2003) emphasized on the importance of a qualitative research when they stressed that their natural and interpreting approach is attached to the meaning that individuals ascribe to beliefs, actions, values and decisions. Robson (2003) highlights on the richness and fullness of the qualitative research, emphasizing on its ability to restore a subject in as real a manner as possible. Quantitative Research is a means for testing individual theories by examining the relationship among variables which can be measured with instruments, using statistical procedures to measure numbered data (Creswell, 2009). The quantitative method also referred to as being realist or sometimes positivist aims to uncover an existing reality (Muijs, 2004). One good advantage of Quantitative research is its simplicity and lack of ambiguity (Gilbert, 2008). Surveys are the most common type of quantitative method. Mixed Method research combines both the quantitative and qualitative methods. This method is increasingly used for business and management research. It uses the quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques and analysis procedures. The mixed method performs the triangulation method by using two or more independent sources of data collection to corroborate research findings .It also uses qualitative methods to explain the relationship between quantitative variables (Saunders, 2009, Creswell , 2009). This research will employ the mixed method research, using questionnaires, written documents, documentary reports and secondary data to support the analysis. Mixed method is highly recommended for case studies as it helps the investigator address a broader range of historical and behavioural issues. The findings are however accurate and convincing (Yin, 2009). However, the limitation of this method according to Yin, (2009) is that it can be overly burdensome and more expensive than the single method. DATA COLLECTION Two methods of data collection to be employed are the Primary and Secondary data collection methods. A questionnaire will be issued to respondents through online software (Qualtrics) who will answer the same kind of questions. This is because it is an efficient way of collecting responses and opinions from a large sample before analysis. It also gives individuals the opportunity to express their honest views anonymously without fear or prejudice. Secondary data will be collected from secondary sources such as annual reports, Barclays bank websites, intranet, independent sources and online sources. This will be used to complement the primary data. DATA ANALYSIS The data collected using from the primary source which is the questionnaire will be analysed using both excel spreadsheet and SPSS which will run descriptive statistic to identify trends and patterns in the data set. Simple relationships using bar charts, histograms, line graphs, and scatter plots will be developed with excel. More in-depth analysis will then be carried out using SPSS which will investigate the relationships between the identified metrics and provide significant values based on the analysis. The choice of SPSS was because of its ability to do statistical analysis in addition to data management (case selection, file reshaping, creating derived data) and data documentation. The descriptive statistical process will be used to confirm the normality of the distribution of the data set. Some of the exploratory analysis will test for normality in the data set. A normally distributed data set will have 68% of the data fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean, 95% of the data will fall within 2 standard deviations of the mean, and almost all (99.7%) of the data will fall within 3 standard deviations of the mean. Correlation analysis will be used to describe the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two metrics and will quantify how much two uncertain quantities vary together and the relationships between them. The qualitative data will however be used to support the quantitative analysis.

An Intrusion Prevention System ( Anthem ) - 1282 Words

With another breach hitting the news (Anthem), I often wonder when companies will learn a lesson, a right lesson even. What I found fascinating about the recent Anthem breach, was that it was an employee of Anthem that discovered that something was wrong. Not a firewall, not an intrusion prevention system, not an intrusion detection system, not a web application firewall, or any other of the dozens of technologies I could mention. According to news reports [1], a database administrator noticed queries made with his/her account, that they never made. The employee reported it, and the trickle effect occurred spurring the notification of Anthem being breached. Kudos to the alert employee, and shame on the technology that failed Anthem. That in itself - â€Å"shame on the technology† - was not a fair statement but was somewhat meant to get your attention. Did it work? For all of the technology corporations throw into an infrastructure to prevent, mitigate, detect, and or correct breaches, why is it that so many are failing? I could quickly point a finger at any vendor, product, or technology but the reality is, and will continue to be, people failed. The thought processes from the professionals whose task it is to secure an infrastructure often lag so far behind the curve I wonder if many are fit to associate the word security in their profession. It will not matter what technology is put in place if the threats are not fully understood. This in itself is also a problem theShow MoreRelatedHow Does Network Security Work?2835 Words   |  12 Pagesbehavior Common Controls: -Segmentation -Host Anti-Virus and intrusion prevention -Access Control -Secure Configuration -Monitoring, reporting, and alerting Segmentation -Separating your critical infrastructure or sensitive data from general access. -Use of VLANs (Virtual local area networks. -Using firewalls -Using an IPS Host Anti-Malware and Intrusion Prevention -Hardening all devices on the networks. Access Control -User Log-in -System-to-system authentication -Control of network segment access -RestrictingRead More1000 Word Essay85965 Words   |  344 PagesSubstance Abuse Program ..................... 29 ACS - Army Community Service ........................... 32 ACES - Army Continuing Education Center ................... 34 AER - Army Emergency Relief ............................ 37 Army Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Program ........... 40 EO - Equal Opportunity ................................ 44 AFAP - Army Family Action Plan .......................... 48 ARC - Army Red Cross ................................. 50 Army Reenlistment / Retention ProgramRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 PagesFounded on Divine Principles Correct organization is of God; it is based on divine principles. â€Å"System and order are manifest in all the works of God throughout the universe.†Ã¢â‚¬â€Testimonies to Ministers, p. 26. The myriads of stars that speed through space move in perfect order. In the structure of every plant that grows and in every living creature we have a marvelous demonstration of order and system. In heaven there is absolute, faultless organization. â€Å"Angels work harmoniously. Perfect order characterizes

The Leadership Styles And Behaviours Of The Ceo Of Virgin...

Assessment 2: Case Study Introduction Looking at the case study on leading in the 21st century, which is comprised of two short scenarios that describe situations in two very different companies, where the leadership styles and behaviours of the CEO of one company and the owner of the second company are evident on a day- to-day basis. Comparing Richard Branson’s (CEO of Virgin Group) leadership style, behaviour, and his impact on employee motivation with Terry Gou’s (Owner of Foxconn Factories) leadership style, behaviour and impact on employee motivation as well as suggesting improvements Gou could make to Foxconn to make it a more harmonious and less toxic workplace. Question 1 a) A democratic leadership style is exhibited by Richard Branson. Democratic leadership can be defined as the performance of three functions: distributing responsibility among the membership, empowering group members, and aiding the group s decision-making process (Gastil, 1994). ‘Branson values removing barriers in the corporate hierarchy and sharing ideas and social events with his workers. Listening to others is important to Branson, particularly his employees, as is allowing them to keep motivated through applying their skills in areas and new projects he is not as good at’. By Branson doing this he is strongly aiding the group’s decision making process, and distributing responsibility between his employees whilst keeping them motivated, which are qualities evident in a democratic leader.Show MoreRelatedLeadership Styles : Transformational Leadership1426 Words   |  6 Pagestransformational leadership styles have a major influence on the employee motivation and organisational culture, hence influence the long term success of the business. A number of key leadership styles, together with the transformational leadership will be discussed and linked to real business-world examples. According to the research, there are three main leadership styles, specifically transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire. It has been found that a transformational leadership style is typicallyRead MoreAnz Culture Study: Management Principles2275 Words   |  10 PagesThe ANZ bank wanted to change its public image and increase its staff morale, but obviously still maintain high profits. The CEO of ANZ, John McFarlane decided a change in its companies culture was required and went about implementing a change that could, like any change, make or break the organisation Question 1) Explain the term ‘corporate (or organizational) culture’, and discuss its importance to the operational success, or failure, or organisations. Corporate culture, also known as organisationalRead MoreLeadership Style Of Branson And Gou1510 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This report looks at the two leadership styles and technique exhibited by both Sir Richard Branson and that of Mr. Terry Gou. Both leaders run their organisations with their own set of completely different characteristic traits and styles. The report will discuss how employees are treated at each organisation and what causes employees to be motivated or unmotivated while working for each particular organisation. The report discusses each different leadership style of Branson and Gou, by lookingRead MoreKey Issues Of Strategic Management2626 Words   |  11 Pagesof strategic management that have influenced the achievement and failures in Virgin Group. The case study will be focusing on three topics: Organisational culture, Leadership, Entrepreneur and Innovation. 2.0 Case study background According to Virgin (2014) Virgin is one of the world’s most recognised and respected brands. It is leading international investment group conceived in 1970 by Sir Richard Branson. Virgin is a broadened gathering of more than 200 privately held companies. AccordingRead MoreHuman Relation vs Human Resources4513 Words   |  19 Pagessocialisation and performance control. Which of these theories appears to be most consistent with the behaviour of contemporary managers? There are so many fallacies for instance the term of ‘human relations’ and ‘human resources’ where the contemporary organisation unseen the differences between this two approaches. Both human relations and human resources manager might use the same kind of organisational behaviour but for very different reasons (Miller 2009). Human relations approach emphasize on productivityRead MoreTransformational Leadership s Influence On Employee Engagement And Organisational Performance1573 Words   |  7 PagesEver since its conceptual introduction by Burns (1978), transformational leadership has been applied by numerous leaders over the years. It was later on developed by various academics, notably Bass (1985) with his presentation of the four pillars of transformational leadership – the four I’s – idealised influence/charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualised consideration. Observations have been made across these many studies about the transformational leadership’sRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour3984 Words   |  16 PagesOrganizational Behaviour Table of Contents: Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦3 Factors that determine successful performance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦.4 Effect of Culture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦4 Motivation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Teamwork†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Capable Credible Leadership†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 Obstacles to effective organizational performance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 Conflict†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦8 Stress†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreEssay about Coaching and Mentor9220 Words   |  37 Pagesthroughout his career an very well respected Military officer who has spoken at many Buiness conventions on leadership . (Hooper and Potter2000 ;Hodgson 2004) argue that the small percentage could be increased through appropriate development and more self awareness. I John Adair book Fundamentals of Leadership 2005 he suggest that originations should focus on strategic aspects of leadership .He was able to define this to seven key elements . * Providing direction * Strategic planning Read MoreThe Mind of a Marketing Manager26114 Words   |  105 Pagesand, worse, to be all things to everyone is the downfall of many a company. Trying to be all things to everyone, but ending up not being special for anyone. Inspiration 4.1 JETBLUE Jet Blue is the revolutionary airline that has brought style to a price-discounting market, offering spacious leather seats, each equipped with 36 channels of live satellite entertainment, while most of its competitors crumbled around it. Launched by David Neeleman, Jet Blue now serves 30 carefully selectedRead MoreAre Leaders Made or Born: a Critique of Great Manand Trait Theories4094 Words   |  17 PagesIntroduction Leadership continues to be one of the most debated and studied topics in management and indeed society as a whole. This can be evidenced by the fact that if you search for leadership on Goggle 175,000,000 worldwide hits are recorded. Success in many arenas, whether it be business, the military, politics or the wider community is often primarily attributed to good leadership. Equally, organisational failure or under-performance is just as readily attributed to poor leadership. Leadership

Black Feminism The Theory Of Knowledge - 1362 Words

Black feminist thought has gained popularity in recent years and remains a noteworthy matter in view of the fact that in the United States black women form an oppressed group. Inequality entails a complex situation, in which oppression cannot be identified as one type, for example, race, gender, class or sexual preference. In this particular situation, we will acknowledge the challenges from the standpoint of black feminists. Patricia Hill Collins educates us through the four tenets of black epistemology, in addition to the contradictions against the scientific methods of social science; positivistic knowledge. Beyond the characteristics of epistemology, there are several key implications for black feminist thought. As we know it,†¦show more content†¦Black women cannot allow themselves to become clowns of the educated, hence, the use of the wisdom of knowing as a protective measure (Collins, 2002, p. 257). Black feminist epistemology then originates through the connectedness of their experiences. The second alternative epistemology is using dialogue to evaluate knowledge claims; the process of resisting the dominating theories of social science. The use of dialogues involves the participation of two subjects, it is not a positivistic one-way approach achieved through separating one’s self from the research being conducted. In this particular situation dialogue is created through interaction with other individuals of the community, unity rather than separation is essential to the knowledge validating process for black women. Dialogue has long been rooted in the African-American community through culture and oral traditions. In black feminist epistemology, stories and knowledge are preserved through the use of dialogue rather than adversarial debate. The third alternative epistemology is the ethics of caring, furthermore Collins tells us that there are three basic components addressed here. First, the uniqueness that each individual brings to the table. Each individual’s expression is different; however, each plays a part in the completeness of the community. Second, the appropriateness of emotions used in dialogue. The emotion used as theShow MoreRelatedBook Review: Black Feminist Thought (Patricia Hill Collins) Essay1077 Words   |  5 PagesAlexandra Bobet HIST 3119 Spring 2013 Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment (review) Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. Ed. By Patricia Hill Collins. (New York: Routledge, 2000. ii, 336 pp. Cloth, $128.28, ISBN 0-415-92483-9. Paper, $26.21, 0-415-92484-7.) Patricia Hill Collins’s work, Black Feminist Thought seeks to center Black Women into intersectionalist thought, addressing the power struggles thatRead MoreIn This Autoethnographic Narrative Study, I Relay My Lived1173 Words   |  5 Pages I relay my lived experience of being a Black female art educator in a high school and the obstacles in gathering diverse art education materials on race and gender. The absence of Black female artists artwork in the K-12 art education classroom fits within a broader array expounding on the White gaze and the differences of how we look and how we see people. Therefore, this study is informed by the literature and theories related to the White gaze of Black women, feminist art education, and intersectionalityRead MoreI Am a Woman, Too: Feminism to the Black Woman966 Words   |  4 Pagesdealing with issues of sexism, but also racism. Many movements have helped black women during the past centuries to overcome sexism, racism, and adversiti es that were set against them. History tells us that movements such as the Feminist Movement helped empower all women, but this fact is not totally true. In this paper, I will discuss feminism, the movements, and its minimal affects on black women. The word feminism comes from the word fà ©minisme, which was thought of by Utopian socialist CharlesRead MoreI Am A Woman,Too: Feminism To The Black Woman Essay examples941 Words   |  4 Pagesdealing with issues of sexism, but also racism. Many movements have helped black women during the past centuries to overcome sexism, racism, and adversities that were set against them. History tells us that movements such as the Feminist Movement helped empower all women, but this fact is not totally true. In this paper, I will discuss feminism, the movements, and its minimal affects on black women. The word feminism comes from the word fà ©minisme, which was thought of by Utopian socialist CharlesRead MoreFeminism Empowerment Essays621 Words   |  3 PagesFeminism Empowerment The dictionary definition of feminism is stated: the movement for the political, social, and educational equality of women with men. Truth be told, feminism can mean a whole deal of things. It can mean women fighting for jobs that were mainly held by men with equal pay. It can mean women fighting for equal education in a so called male dominant world. Feminism can give lesbian women the chance to adopt and have children. These are just a few definitionsRead MoreUnder Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses1669 Words   |  7 PagesDiscourses,† Chandra Talpade Mohanty explores the simplified construction of the â€Å"third-world woman† in hegemonic feminist discourses. In contrast, in her essay â€Å"US Third-World Feminism: The Theory and Method of Oppositional Consciousness in the Postmodern World,† Chela Sandoval specifically analyzes â€Å"US third-world feminism† and how it is the model for not only oppositional political activity, but also consciousness in the United States and how this has not been recognized by hegemonic â€Å"western† feministRead MoreBell Hooks And The Feminist Movement872 Words   |  4 PagesBell Hooks was born in Kentucky on September 25, 1952. She went to all black schools until she was in high school, and after the shift to an integrated school she felt that black students were seen as not â€Å"really belonging† she says this experience â€Å"taught [her] the difference between education as the practice of freedom and education that merely strives to reinforce dominance.†(teaching to transgress 4). After high school she received her bachelor’s degree from stanford university and her master’sRead MoreJane Eyre, The Bluest Eye, And Feminism1422 Words   |  6 PagesPavit Singh Mr. Trott English 2 Honors Period 5 15 May 2015 Jane Eyre, The Bluest Eye, and Feminism Feminism. It’s a big concept in society today, but has it always been that way? Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte is a famous work on the basis of her own experiences. In this novel, the author shapes a tough and independent woman who pursues true love and equality. In the Victorian period, the image of Jane Eyre cast a sharp contrast to the man-dominated society. She stands for a new lady who hasRead MoreBlack Feminist1005 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to Oxford English Dictionary, Black Feminist can be defined as a movement consisting of African American women advocating social, political, legal, and economic rights for women equal to those of men (Oxford English Press). Black feminism argues that sexism, social class oppression, and racism are inseparably bound together (Collins). The feminist movement has been around since the 1880s when the word â€Å"Feminism† appeared in the French language (Collins). The word found traction in BritainRead MoreWomen s Roles Of Rep roduction1466 Words   |  6 Pagesclassicism, racism and sexism work together based on heterosexuality to oppress women in society. Therefore, rhetoricians claimed for solidarity and sisterhood despite the race and class differences existing among women. Consequently, female rhetoric theory focused on combining personal, sexual, and social struggles and viewing them as indivisibly linked. Female rhetoricians criticized the dual work performed by women at home and outside, demanded for equality in wages for equal work, and asked for the

Staff Had The Opportunity For Review The Previous Version...

IDEM staff had the opportunity to review the previous version of the subject proposed article. The previous version (2014 version), then Article 28, was submitted for IDEM review in early 2014, IDEM provided comments in May 2014. IDEM received a revised version (2015 version) of the Oil and Gas (O+G) Article, now Article 29, in June 2015 for review. Recap: My comments regarding the 2014 version were structured to provide specific comments and general comments: †¢ The specific comments, pertaining to individual rules, consisted of questions, asked for clarifications and provided recommendations to assure that human health and the environment (HHE) are protected as the provision of the O+G Article are being implemented. †¢ The general†¦show more content†¦1.4. Potential radioactivity and how to address it by identifying the potential risk, avoiding the spread of and exposure to radioactive contamination as part of the permitting process. 1.5. Federal and state natural resources damages: Assessment, damage prevention, restoration, and mitigation. 2. Fracking fluid constituents and other additives or additive products used in the oil exploration and production process: Disclosure of fracking fluid constituents and other additives or additive products used in the oil exploration and production process (individual chemicals) is provided to assure that testing for these chemicals can occur in case of a release and to adequately address exposure by the fracking fluid constituents to human or environmental receptors. 3. Environmental impact and/or attribution of environmental contamination caused by petroleum and gas exploration, production, and storage activities: Measures for monitoring environmental impacts before (to establish background/baseline) during and after petroleum and gas exploration and production activities to assure that no negative impacts occur or in case of negative impacts, that appropriate remedial measures can be taken by the responsible party. 4. Consistency and compliance of the investigation and remediation of environmental contamination caused by petroleum and gas exploration, production, and storage activities with current applicable or relevant and appropriate federal

Informative Writing and Synthesis Essay Free Essays

Informative Synthesis Essay Outline Although at its most basic level a synthesis involves combining two or more summaries, synthesis essay writing is more difficult than it might at first appear because this combining must be done in a meaningful way and the final essay must generally be thesis-driven. In composition courses, â€Å"synthesis† commonly refers to writing about printed texts, drawing together particular themes or traits that you observe in those texts and organizing the material from each text according to those themes or traits. Synthesis Essay Outline: The introduction (usually one paragraph) 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative: Writing and Synthesis Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Contains a one-sentence statement that sums up the focus of your synthesis essay. 2. Also introduces the texts to be synthesized: Gives the title of each source (following the citation guidelines of whatever stylesheet you are using); Provides the name of each author; Sometimes also provides pertinent background information about the authors of synthesis essay example, about the texts to be summarized, or about the general topic from which the texts are drawn. The body of a synthesis essay: This should be organized by theme, point, similarity, or aspect of the synthesis essay topics. Your organization will be determined by the assignment or by the patterns you see in the material you are synthesizing. The organization is the most important part of a synthesis, so try out more than one format. Be sure that each paragraph of synthesis essay sample: 1. Begins with a sentence or phrase that informs readers of the topic of the paragraph; 2. Includes information from more than one source of synthesis essay examples; 3. Clearly indicates which material comes from which source using lead in phrases and in-text citations. [Beware of plagiarism: Accidental plagiarism most often occurs when students are synthesizing sources and do not indicate where the synthesis ends and their own comments begin or vice verse. ] 4. Shows the similarities or differences between the different synthesis essay writing sources in ways that make the paper as informative as possible; 5. Represents the texts fairly–even if that seems to weaken the paper! Look upon yourself as a synthesizing machine. Conclusion. When you have finished your synthesis paper example, write a conclusion reminding readers of the most significant themes you have found and the ways they connect to the overall synthesis essay topics. You may also want to suggest further research or comment on things that it was not possible for you to discuss in the paper. If you are writing a background synthesis, in some cases it may be appropriate for you to offer an interpretation of the material or take a position (thesis). Check this option with your instructor before you write the final draft of your paper. Sometimes you may be asked to synthesize your own ideas, theory, or research with those of the texts you have been assigned. In your other college classes you’ll probably find yourself synthesizing information from graphs and tables, pieces of music, and art works as well. The key to any kind of synthesis is the same. Synthesis Essay Format: 1. The length of your paper should be 5-7 typed double-spaced pages with reasonable margins. This does not include your bibliography (or works cited). 2. Be consistent in your use of bibliographic references; include page numbers for quotes. List all works you cited at the end of your paper 3. As you use quotations to support your ideas, make sure you do not produce a paper of lengthy quotes strung together. If you quote three lines or fewer, the quote should not be set off or indented but integrated into the text of your paper. 4. Do not use first person. 5. Connect ideas using linking devices and transitions. 6. Spend time outlining, organizing and editing your paper. Ideally, you can find someone else to proof-read your paper. 7. When you are done editing, think of a title, which best captures your thesis. How to cite Informative: Writing and Synthesis Essay, Essays Informative Writing and Synthesis Essay Free Essays Informative Synthesis Essay Outline Although at its most basic level a synthesis involves combining two or more summaries, synthesis essay writing is more difficult than it might at first appear because this combining must be done in a meaningful way and the final essay must generally be thesis-driven. In composition courses, â€Å"synthesis† commonly refers to writing about printed texts, drawing together particular themes or traits that you observe in those texts and organizing the material from each text according to those themes or traits. Synthesis Essay Outline: The introduction (usually one paragraph) 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative: Writing and Synthesis Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Contains a one-sentence statement that sums up the focus of your synthesis essay. 2. Also introduces the texts to be synthesized: Gives the title of each source (following the citation guidelines of whatever stylesheet you are using); Provides the name of each author; Sometimes also provides pertinent background information about the authors of synthesis essay example, about the texts to be summarized, or about the general topic from which the texts are drawn. The body of a synthesis essay: This should be organized by theme, point, similarity, or aspect of the synthesis essay topics. Your organization will be determined by the assignment or by the patterns you see in the material you are synthesizing. The organization is the most important part of a synthesis, so try out more than one format. Be sure that each paragraph of synthesis essay sample: 1. Begins with a sentence or phrase that informs readers of the topic of the paragraph; 2. Includes information from more than one source of synthesis essay examples; 3. Clearly indicates which material comes from which source using lead in phrases and in-text citations. [Beware of plagiarism: Accidental plagiarism most often occurs when students are synthesizing sources and do not indicate where the synthesis ends and their own comments begin or vice verse. ] 4. Shows the similarities or differences between the different synthesis essay writing sources in ways that make the paper as informative as possible; 5. Represents the texts fairly–even if that seems to weaken the paper! Look upon yourself as a synthesizing machine. Conclusion. When you have finished your synthesis paper example, write a conclusion reminding readers of the most significant themes you have found and the ways they connect to the overall synthesis essay topics. You may also want to suggest further research or comment on things that it was not possible for you to discuss in the paper. If you are writing a background synthesis, in some cases it may be appropriate for you to offer an interpretation of the material or take a position (thesis). Check this option with your instructor before you write the final draft of your paper. Sometimes you may be asked to synthesize your own ideas, theory, or research with those of the texts you have been assigned. In your other college classes you’ll probably find yourself synthesizing information from graphs and tables, pieces of music, and art works as well. The key to any kind of synthesis is the same. Synthesis Essay Format: 1. The length of your paper should be 5-7 typed double-spaced pages with reasonable margins. This does not include your bibliography (or works cited). 2. Be consistent in your use of bibliographic references; include page numbers for quotes. List all works you cited at the end of your paper 3. As you use quotations to support your ideas, make sure you do not produce a paper of lengthy quotes strung together. If you quote three lines or fewer, the quote should not be set off or indented but integrated into the text of your paper. 4. Do not use first person. 5. Connect ideas using linking devices and transitions. 6. Spend time outlining, organizing and editing your paper. Ideally, you can find someone else to proof-read your paper. 7. When you are done editing, think of a title, which best captures your thesis. How to cite Informative: Writing and Synthesis Essay, Essays

Effect of the Kmart on the Economy-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Choose any Australian Industry and Provide its detailed Market Structure. Answer: Introduction KMART is a type of retail business industry of Australia (Andrews, Pritchett Woolcock, 2017). It is an imperfect competitive market structure (Chung, Seo Song, 2017). The report gives brief information about the imperfect market and its functions. It concludes by giving the evaluation statement in terms of micro and macro factors of the Kmart. Kmart A retail industry Kmart is a retail industry in Australia that charges low prices for various commodities (De Donoso, 2017). Business transaction takes place through different distributive channels, always aim to fulfill customer demands. Kmart is a departmental retail industry that set reasonable rates for their products. Kmart Imperfect competitive market structure Kmart is an imperfect market structure that consists of various functions in the market. Large buyers and sellers There are many buyers and sellers exist in the Kmart. Each firm is setup with their own price system (Katagiri, 2016). It focuses on maximizing profit and customer satisfaction. Free entry and exit- Kmart enjoys the free entry and exit of the customers and suppliers. They enter the market freely to produce their product for generating output. Exit from the market depends on various factors like consumer demand for the products, prices, or the locality factor. Differences in products- Product differentiation exists in Kmart industry in terms of quality, price, preferences, and brands (Kim Lee, 2017). Price discrimination- Kmart charges different prices for different products. Producers or sellers of Kmart can control the price effect. Price creator- Kmart charge the price on the products while selling in the market. Monopoly power- A monopoly is a single seller in the market selling various products. There are many monopoly exist in the Kmart market. Competitive market- Less competition exists due to price discrimination in Kmart. Seller and market is different from the other seller and the market. Product substitution effect- Different kinds of products exits in Kmart market. Therefore, products closely related to each other in different markets, creates less competition and less rivalry in the market. Short run versus long run- Kmart uses two main periods of production short run and long run. Period of short run includes short scale of production while long run production includes large scale of production. Long run production does not include fixed factors of production (Perdikaki, Kostamis Swaminathan, 2016). In short run, production is fixed and variable and one factor is variable, other remains constant. Kmart is an imperfect market structure, lacks knowledge and inefficient utilization of resources (Ural, 2016). Kmart attains profit when marginal revenue equals marginal cost. As sellers charge their own prices, therefore Kmart achieves short run profit. Market achieves profit when marginal revenue equals the marginal cost. In long run, products are variable. Supply increases with respect to demand for the product. Kmart achieves output when marginal revenue equals the marginal cost. The demand curve becomes tangent to the average cost, firm unable to make profit thereby attains breakeven point. Price determination of Kmart Short run Supplier determines the price rate in Kmart, achieves profit when there is production at a point and the marginal cost equals the marginal revenue. Profit is equal to the differences between the price of the product and the average cost. The profit is equal to the number of goods produced by the firm multiplied by the result. Long run Kmart produces the output when long run average cost intersects marginal revenue of the firm. The quantity achieved falls on the average cost, firm achieves breakeven point that is firm sets a profit creates price determination of Kmart. Entry and exit Market depends on various factors along with consumer demand. Buyers and sellers are free to enter in to market and can exist whenever the producer ors seller wants. Impact of Kmart industry Kmart considered the third largest departmental market globally. Use of modern technology, they produce new commodities, price maker, suffers from inefficiency. It had a dynamic effect on economy due to imperfect market structure Conclusion Kmart is a retail business industry that includes imperfect competitive structure market. It attains profit when marginal revenue equals marginal cost during short run and breakeven point in long run. The economic variables keep fluctuating due to inefficiency in the market. References Andrews, M., Pritchett, L., Woolcock, M. (2017).Building state capability: evidence, analysis, action(p. 288). Oxford University Press. Chung, D. J., Seo, K., Song, R. (2017). Where Should We Build a Mall? The Formation of Market Structure and Its Effect on Sales. De Leon, I., Donoso, J. F. (2017).Innovation, Startups and Intellectual Property Management: Strategies and Evidence from Latin America and other Regions. Springer. JAING, Q. (2016). Pricing strategy.Month. Katagiri, Y. (2016).Firms' decisions to enter a market of highly differentiated products: Apparel industry and New York Fashion Week. City University of New York. Kim, I. K., Lee, Y. J., Yoon, Y. R. (2017). Sequential Supply Decision and Market Efficiency: Theory and Evidence. Perdikaki, O., Kostamis, D., Swaminathan, J. M. (2016). Timing of service investments for retailers under competition and demand uncertainty.European Journal of Operational Research,254(1), 188-201. Ural, O. G. U. Z. (2016).Can competitive advantage be achieved through a single force?: Reviewing market based factors leading to a competitive advantage(Master's thesis, University of Twente).as About Value Creation: Powerpoint Presentation.

The Al Hallab Restaurant Chain

Introduction In all entrepreneurship projects the decision making principles ascribed to it will either make or break the potential business. Success in all ventures is determined by how well the venture is planned, what goals are set in the beginning, how it plans to run its operations and finally what are its plans towards mitigating risk.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Al Hallab Restaurant Chain and Its Decision Making Principles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For this venture, the Al Hallab restaurant chain, the chosen decision making principles is that of effectuation whose tenets are based on controlling the future through meticulous planning in situations where there is a certain degree of uncertainty. In this case the uncertainty is whether or not a restaurant that specializes in Lebanese food will be able to become a success in markets that are already inundated with various restaurants with the s ame theme. The reason why Al Hallab is an effectuation entrepreneur can be determine due to these three factors: Patchwork Quilt: The basic product of the restaurant is Lebanese food yet it had gained main stream popularity in various consumer sectors despite the availability of similar types of food in other restaurants. The patchwork quilt principle of effectuation emphasizes the creation of something new through existing means. That is exactly what was done with the Al Hallab restaurant chain wherein the existing method of cooking Lebanese food was enhanced and brought into modern day mainstream consumption by modernizing its overall look and method of preparation as well as the ambience of the restaurant. As such the restaurant chain was able to discover a new way of achieving success by reinventing the way Lebanese food is consumed. Affordable Loss: The concept of affordable loss can be described in terms of committing to a particular business plan with the intent of focusing o n a particular consumer base and accepting that you will lose other types of customers. This can be seen is the emphasis of the Al Hallab restaurant chain on serving only Lebanese food. This means that it is forgoing the possibility of gaining other types of consumers by merely focusing on the type of consumers that enjoy eating Lebanese food. Pilot in the Plane: The concept of the pilot in the plane revolves around the concept of people and service and being the prime drivers of business operations rather than trying to focus on external opportunities such as producing a particular product at time when it is in demand and continuously shifting production to different types of products as demand changes without ascribing to a particular type of product.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the case of Al Hallab the focus is completely on the production and sale of Lebanese foo d despite the fact that it is losing consumers to other types of business with a more varied selection of products. Problems that Need to be Addressed with the Venture Market Saturation An investigation of the various areas near a particular Al Hallab restaurant reveals that on average the concept of a restaurant serving Lebanese food in locations such as KSA, Lebanon or Dubai is actually quite common. Al Hallab is not the only restaurant within a specific area that serves Lebanese food and at times it is not the most affordable. There are various restaurants that serve the exact same type of food yet are able to do so at lower prices. While it can be argued that the ambience of Al Hallab is better than the other locations the fact remains that due to the recent financial crisis various consumers located within Dubai and Lebanon have started changing their buying habits into a more conservative route due to the economic uncertainty affecting local and foreign markets. Combining the change in consumer behavior with the offerings of competitors near various Al Hallab restaurants presents a distinct problem that the venture must overcome in the near future if it is to stay in business. Changing Tastes In relation to changes in consumer buying behavior is a distinct change in consumer eating habits. As evidenced by recent reports on consumer buying behavior within the U.A.E. it can be seen that as of late consumers have been flocking to various fast food restaurants and establishments due to the convenience and affordability such types of food provide. While it may be true that the areas such as KSA, Lebanon and Dubai have had a long history of consuming Lebanese cuisine the fact remains that due to pop culture influences people have been increasingly turning towards modern rather than traditional eating establishments. What this means for traditional Lebanese restaurants such as the Al Hallab chain is that a growing percentage of its consumer base are starting to shift away from eating at the restaurant towards eating in other establishments that have a more â€Å"modern’ flare. Another distinct problem is the fact that as of late new generations of consumers do not have the same tastes as the older generation, as a result restaurants such as Al Hallab find themselves with an aging consumer base that may run out as time passes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Al Hallab Restaurant Chain and Its Decision Making Principles specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Poor Customer Service While the quality of the food is unquestionable the level of customer service at Al Hallab leaves much to be desired. Various online restaurant review websites as well as general consumer opinion reveal that it is widely known that the customer service at Al Hallab is terrible. This ranges from gruff unsociable waiters, inefficient staff, unanswered phone calls to a plethora of other simi lar types of behavior that are discourage people from continuously visiting the establishment. With other choices available in various other restaurants within KSA, Lebanon and Dubai the service at Al Hallab definitely needs to be improved otherwise the chain may lose customers to places with better customer service. Possible Solutions to Indicated Problems One of the first problems that the venture must overcome is the concept that an Al Hallab restaurant does not have good customer service. Various studies show that consumers pick restaurants due to a variety of choices however customer service ranks among the top reasons aside from ambience and the taste of the food. While Al Hallab does not have any problems in relation to the taste of its products the fact remains that its poor customer service skills is detrimental towards more people visiting its various locations. Word of mouth goes a long way towards either promoting a business or causing it t close down due to bad press. B ased on this one of the first steps needed to be done by the venture is to have all its employees undergo extensive customer services training in order to improve the quality of service of the restaurant and encourage more consumers to come to the restaurant. The second problem that needs to be addressed is the changing tastes of the consumer market. Based on this what is needed for the venture is to possibly establish an extensive marketing campaign within a local area in order to encourage people to come and eat in the restaurant. The third problem is the market saturation of similar restaurants offering the same type of food. In this particular case in order to properly establish a restaurant in a particular location a market analysis must first be conducted in order to ensure that there are few competitors within the general area and that if an Al Hallab restaurant were to enter into that particular area it would immediately become a success. This essay on The Al Hallab Restaurant Chain and Its Decision Making Principles was written and submitted by user Valent1n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sample St. Louis Essay

Sample St. Louis EssaySample St. Louis essay for a Spring semester course at Stanford? It is true that writing a Stanford essay or Harvard exam is similar to writing a personal essay. Nevertheless, you should prepare for something that is different. This article provides you tips for writing a personal essay, so that you have a better chance of success.You will want to avoid the statement, 'I will accept to answer this question. ', which is common in St. Louis essays. Instead, it would be better to use a statement like, 'If I accept to answer this question, I feel that I have to research well the history and current experiences of St. Louis,' or 'If I accept to answer this question, I am preparing myself to write a formal research essay for my MA.'You should always give your essay details so that it is readable. Otherwise, it will be difficult to know whether the essay is appropriate or not. Furthermore, in the Stanford essay, you should carefully identify the perspectives you intend to include. In other words, you should put the correct characteristics on those perspectives.Always remember that St. Louis essays are not research papers. They do not require to be typed and do not have to be summarized. However, you should still carefully identify the essay objectives and refer to them at the end of the essay. You should also carefully note how the essay will be evaluated and what the expectations are.In St. Louis essays, you should address how the New Class effect has influenced St. Louis. Do not discuss how it has influenced your character or provide examples of its success.If you use pictures, you should include only those that help illustrate your point. Nevertheless, you should not use them as stimuli to answer the readers' questions. If you are discussing an event in the city or its city's history, you can present a brief account, but the reader can find this information elsewhere.Be sure to write the essay in a clear and straightforward manner. You should also avoid using headings in your St. Louis essay. Use a paragraph or two for each viewpoint. You can fill in the rest of the essay with supporting quotes and interesting stories.

Language and Communication essays

Language and Communication essays Throughout Foe, J.M. Coetzee emphasizes the importance of language and communication in human interaction. Language and communication are reccurring themes that are personified mainly through the character of Friday. Friday is mute and not able to speak because he has no tongue. Though it is not clear how Friday lost his tongue, it is certain that Friday cannot speak. However, Susan Barton is able to speak as she possesses the means necessary for language, but she lacks communication skills. Though Cruso does not bother teaching Friday writing, Susan attempts to communicate with Friday but is not able to get through to him. Coetzee emphasizes the importance of language and communication through two central characters; Friday is the one not able to physically speak, however Susan truly lacks the necessary skills to communicate. Throughout the early stages of the novel, Coetzee shows that Friday is not able to speak and thus Susan dehumanizes him. Even though Coetzee never clarifies the true means by which Friday lost his tongue, it is obvious nonetheless that Friday is unable to speak. Susans first thought about Fridays inability to speak was that Friday was like a dog (21). Susan is baffled by Fridays silence and compares him to a dog. Though Cruso believes Friday has no need for words, Susan attempts to communicate once they have escape from the island. Susan has trouble teaching Friday words such as spoon and decides that perhaps after years of speechlessness the very notion of speech may be lost to him (57). Susan has lost hope of teaching Friday to communicate, however she continues to talk to Friday to educate him out of his so called darkness and silence, possibly because it gives her the satisfaction that she is making good on her less than ideal circumstances. Susan continues to doubt Friday and believes that the unnatural years Friday spent w...

How to Find the Phoenix Constellation

How to Find the Phoenix Constellation The Phoenix constellation is a southern-hemisphere star pattern. Named after the mythical bird, Phoenix is part of a larger grouping of southern-hemisphere constellations referred to as the Southern Birds. Finding Phoenix To locate Phoenix, look toward the southern region of the southern hemisphere sky. Phoenix is located between the constellations Eridanus (the River), Grus (the crane), and Horologium, the clock. Parts of the constellation are visible to northern hemisphere observers south of the 40th parallel, but the best view is reserved for those living well south of the equator.   Phoenix constellation is a galaxy-hunters delight, with a number of galaxies and clusters. Click to enlarge. Carolyn Collins Petersen The Story of Phoenix In China, this constellation was considered part of the nearby Sculptor star pattern and was viewed as a fish-catching net. In the Middle East, the constellation was called Al Rial and Al Zaurak, the latter of which means the boat. This terminology makes sense, as the constellation is located nearby to Eridanus, the river constellation. In the 1600s, Johann Bayer named the constellation Phoenix and recorded it in his astronomical charts. The name came from the Dutch term Den voghel Fenicx or The Bird Phoenix. French explorer and astronomer Nicolas de Lacaille also charted Phoenix and applied Bayer designations to the brightest stars in the pattern.   The Stars of Phoenix The main part of Phoenix looks like a triangle and a lopsided quadrangle stuck together. The brightest star is called Ankaa, and its official designation is alpha Phoenicis (alpha indicates the brightness). The word Ankaa comes from Arabic and means Phoenix. This star is an orange giant located about 85 light-years away from the Sun. The second brightest star, beta Phoenicis, is actually a pair of yellow giant stars in orbit around a common center of gravity. Other stars in Phoenix form the shape of a boats keel. The official constellation assigned by the International Astronomical Union contains many more stars, some of which appear to have planetary systems around them. The constellation Phoenix as shown in the official IAU charts. IAU/Sky Publishing Phoenix is also the radiant for a pair of meteor showers called the December Phoenicids and the July Phoenicids. The December shower occurs from November 29 until December 9; its meteors come from the tail of comet 289P/Blanpain. The July shower is very minor and occurs from July 3 to July 18 each year.   Deep-Sky Objects in Phoenix Located in the far south position in the sky, Phoenix is far from the Milky Ways abundant star clusters and nebulae. Nevertheless, Phoenix is a galaxy hunters delight, with numerous types of galaxies to explore. Amateur stargazers with a decent telescope will be able to view NGC 625, NGC 37, and a group of four called Roberts Quartet: NGC 87, NGC 88, NGC 89, and NGC 92. The quartet is a compact galaxy group about 160 million light-years away from us.   The Phoenix Cluster galaxies seen in x-ray, visible light, and ultraviolet wavelengths. X-ray: NASA/CXC/MIT/M.McDonald et al; Optical: NASA/STScI; Radio: TIFR/GMRT Professional astronomers study these galaxies in an effort to understand how such giant associations of galaxies exist. The biggest one in the area is the Phoenix Cluster: 7.3 million light-years across and located 5.7 billion light-years away. Discovered as part of the South Pole Telescope collaboration, the Phoenix Cluster contains a highly active central galaxy that produces hundreds of new stars per year. Although it cant be seen with amateur telescopes, an even larger cluster exists in this region, too: El Gordo. El Gordo is comprised of two smaller galaxy clusters colliding with each other.

Latin american history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Latin american history - Essay Example analysis of the political and economic history of Columbia, Cuba, and Mexico, this essay demonstrates that the flawed economic policies of the countries are predominantly at fault. In Latin America, the 1980’s are referred to as ‘Decada de aprendizaje doloroso’ , or the decade of painful experiences. Nowhere were these experiences more evident than in Columbia. According to David Robinson, â€Å"economic problems†¦had a significant impact on the political systems in the region. Elected governments still tend to support their own interests or those of elite groups (Robinson).† The government had increasing levels of foreign debt, which forced them to devalue the currency repeatedly. People from rural areas became poorer. Even the resource-rich Columbia faced internal problems of guerrillas and the drug cartels. According to a May 8, 1990 Time magazine article, kidnapping and murder of political aspirants became a routine affair carried out by the drug cartels, in order to influence the outcome of the elections. According to the magazine, 503 people were murdered and 18 kidnapped in a single week in May. From the United States per spective, Columbia is of national importance because of its geographic location and natural resources Although Columbia is an ally of the United States, 90% of the illegal cocaine in the United States comes from Columbia, which has still not become a safe place. Fighting continues between the armed groups maintained by the drug cartels and the government forces. A United Nations report indicates that â€Å"2 million people have been displaced because of armed conflict in Columbia† this year. Most of the internally displaced persons were Afro-Columbians, who fled because they were frightened of the fighting between the Columbian army and the armed groups operating near the Atrato river in north-western Columbia. Although a determined effort by the government to overcome the drug cartels has resulted in a semblance of order in

Report project for PepsiCo, INC Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Franchising In Hospitality Industry Commerce Essay

Franchising In Hospitality Industry Commerce Essay The following paper deals with a recent type of management entitled franchising. In the hospitality industry and currently within Accor, the franchise has become a real stake and strategy to continue to perform. Accor Hospitality is an international player which has decided to turn its strategy into a franchise system that combines company owned hotels and franchisees. Nevertheless, such a network has to be livened up and controlled in order to perpetuate the reputation and then the business. Therefore the case study sustained by qualitative research aims at suggests recommendation to the company, but key issues need to be viewed and overcome first. Foreword This report is to summarize the experience of a six-month internship within the Business Intelligence department of Accor Hospitalitys headquarter, as well as to demonstrate my personal understanding of the changing of strategy, by confronting and comparing theory with practice, identifying its pros cons as well as its key factors of success in the hospitality industry. For my third and final year of business studies at INSEEC, I chose to major in International Business Strategy. This is a Master of Business qualification run in partnership with the SRH Hochschule in Berlin. The two main reasons for this choice were due to my strong interest in discovering many cultures and ways of conducting business and strategies. On the one hand, my strong interest in acquiring skills in business analysis in the hospitality industry, combined with the importance of the hospitality industry worldwide, oriented my applications to Business Analysis positions within this sector. On the other hand, my personal motivation for discovering new cultures, coupled with my academic qualifications and my language skills also encouraged me to apply in International companies where I could speak as much English as possible. As a French student extremely interested in working in a multicultural environment, the ACCOR group seemed to be a fantastic opportunity. As a Business Analyst I was part of the Business Intelligence team and reported directly to the Director of Strategy and Business Performance. I had to have full experience of distribution, and work on the different aspects of analyzing the business that such a position commands. My personal mission within the team has been to provide support to the two Business Analysts, and help them make reports related to the Distribution strategies. As a team, we were accountable to understand the needs of the various brands and teams, then to create tools to provide accurate information (project managers) and finally to analyze the data (business analysts). Therefore, in my position, I was in charge of carrying out three main functions: Updating the Distribution Monthly Report for the Top Management for both Direct and Indirect Sales Analyzing the hotels performance worlwide Answering to Adhoc demands in order to measure the impact of promotional offers. This report, however, has its limits. A valid quantitative study for example, would have allowed me to support and corroborate my findings with the franchisees satisfaction and suggestions regarding their links with the franchisor. As well, it would be promising to investigate some topics as for example the behavioural customer evolution regarding the hospitality industry or develop further some of the challenges the hospitality industry is facing applying Dynamic Pricing, as they could easily be the subjects of a study on their own. Finally, both on a personal and professional level, my experience within Accor Hospitality headquarter in Evry has been a real success. All I can believe for the future is to have a chance to further develop my analysis skills in similar conditions: team spirit, communication and trust. Acknowledgements Firstly, I am extremely grateful to Pierrick Le Masne for giving me the chance of being parts of the Strategy and Business performance department within the ACCORs headquarter in Paris. I would like to express many thanks to Alison Broussy for welcoming me in her Business Intelligence team and sharing her expertise, training and giving me the opportunity to further develop my business analysis skills over the last six months. I would like to add special thanks to Nicolas Leseurre, Fara Rabesoa, for sharing their experience and knowledge with me. I am also thankful to Isabelle Duflot and Olivier Poujol for sharing their thoughts and opinions regarding Project Management. Finally, I would like to thank the overall team for the warm welcome and team spirit I have received since being part of this company these past few months. Table of Content Introduction 1 Tapez le titre du chapitre (niveau  2) 2 Tapez le titre du chapitre (niveau  3) 3 Tapez le titre du chapitre (niveau  1) 4 Tapez le titre du chapitre (niveau  2) 5 Tapez le titre du chapitre (niveau  3) 6 Introduction Franchising is an ancient type of network that is simple, formalized in its organization and in its functioning (Anderson and Coughlan, 2002; Blair and Lafontaine 2005). However, literature on the control of the franchising network are seldom particularly in France, whereas it is a rich and interesting lead of research (Elango and Fried, 1997). Franchising is a way of doing business that has grown fast, and more particularly in Europe. The reason can be found in the will for the franchisor to develop its network quickly and for the franchisee to benefit from an expertise in a specific field. France is the European leader and has seen its franchising network doubled within the last ten years and acknowledges a constant growth between 8% and 11% for 5 years. Even in a crisis period, franchising has continued to grow thanks to the support and training provided by the franchisor. All sectors taken together, France owns 1,234 networks  [2]  of franchisor and 49,094 franchisee, and realizes a turnover of about 47.7 billion Euros in 2008. Franchising has been defined as a system of marketing goods and/or services and/or technology, which is based upon a close and ongoing collaboration between legally and financially separate and independent undertakings, the Franchisor and its individual Franchisees, whereby the Franchisor grants its individual Franchisee the right, and imposes the obligation, to conduct a business in accordance with the Franchisors concept.  [3]   In other word, the definition underlines that a franchising network is a complex organization where the relationship and trust between the franchisor and franchisees are essential. When a company decides to develop its know-how into franchising it is because the company has gained a certain maturity and expertise in its activity and then will be able to convey the operational management to its franchisees. Within the Hospitality Industry, it exists different ways of managing a hotel. Indeed, a hotel can be a subsidiary as an entire part of the corporate company, a managed hotel or a franchisee. ACCOR is a company that has been created in 1967 with the first opening of a Novotel. Then, step by step the company has opened several hotels in France and in Europe and further worldwide. Owning many hotels the company has known how to become a leader in that field. Today, leader in France and in Europe, the company wants to become more present worldwide and has recently decided to change its business model. This changing of strategy called asset right is a real stake because it is going to disrupt an organization which relies on a family mind, history and way of running the business. As a part of the Accor team, this research would like to expose the changing of the Accor strategy from an hotels owner to a franchisor. The case study would outlines how the company can optimize the relationship between itself and its franchisees within a mixed network. Chapter One: Theory on franchising The first part deals with the analysis of the franchising system in its complex form. The key concepts to understand the overall functioning of the franchise are developed. 1.1 History of franchising The franchise business model was born in the United States of America, especially encouraged by the antitrust laws. This solution can be explained by the size and the importance of the American market that forced the societies to turn into a system enabling the increase of the market shares without huge investments. Nowadays, the number of franchisees reaches 760,000 in the United States spread out 1500 networks that represent a turnover of more than 1500 billion dollars and employs 9.7 million people in 2004.  [4]   In France, the first franchised network appeared around 1930 a little time after the creation of the wool producer in Roubaix. The phenomenon of franchise has been developed further, at the beginning of the seventies, in order to modernize the convenience trade and create a real competition to the Big boxes. Today France is the leader of franchising in Europe and concerns various types of activity such as fast food industry, bakers, apparel and hospitality industry. 1.2 Concepts and definition In a franchising system, the franchisor grants its knowhow and its trademark to franchisees, which are independent and have the contractual obligation to exercise the activity described into the respect of rules and procedures defined by the franchisor. The latter must follow the concepts exploitation and provide support to its franchisees. The franchisor is paid by an entrance fee at the signature of the contract and also by regular royalties based on the franchisees turnover. The contract of franchise has a variable length often comprised between five and ten years. Thus, the franchise includes a key firm, the franchisor, and multiple satellites firms, legally and financially independent called the franchisees. Usually, the franchisor brings intangible assets (products, services to develop, know how or trademark), whereas the franchisee provides financial and human assets. The purpose of the agreement is the exploitation of the concept developed by the franchisor. The franchise seems to be a special type of network where there is an inter-organizational division of the work. The franchisor is in charge of the strategic activity whereas franchisees work more on operational activities (Frà ©ry, 1996). Skills and resources mobilization within a franchising system are more carried out in logic of exploitation rather than propriety (Frà ©ry, 1995) because associates are independent. Therefore there is coexistence of economic dependence and legal independence between partners of the franchise. Sometimes the franchise network is described as unstable because the key firm could try to own the most performing units.  [5]   Many franchising network are mixed because they combine company owned units and independent franchisees. This is the case for instance in Hospitality industry. This specific kind of network enables to mix the experience effect from company owned units with the human and financial power of the franchisees. Indeed, information available from company owned units are used to negotiate and attract new franchisees. The franchising network enables a mutual process of learning that can lead to trust relationship between the franchisor and franchisees. To sum up, a franchise system is composed of: A purpose: repetition of a commercial success Supplementary resources from both sides Favourable institutional framework Interactive relationship between players. A purpose  due to a commercial success Franchising system Supplementary recources Interactive relationship between players A favourable institutional framework Figure 1 The franchising system 1.3 Purpose of the franchise system Each side of the franchise system finds an advantage of coming into this specific type of network. The franchisor hopes to develop its network as quick as possible in a part to compete with others chains and then to obtain geographically the best places. Entrance fees and royalties ensure a permanent payment. However the franchisor must control the concepts development and has to be sure that the offer is as consistent and homogeneous as possible. Regarding the franchisee, he develops the commercial offers in being supported by the franchisor in terms of training, advisory, innovation. The franchising system enables to get an access to information from people who are in direct relation with the client and particularly in a mixed network (Perdreau, Le Nadant and Cliquet, 2007). Because of the information sharing, new franchisees know a failure rate under the average failure rate of any new created enterprise.  [6]   1.4 The legal framework of a franchise system The basis of the franchise can be found in the legal contract and the code of practice that both parties have to sign in order to create right and duties to respect. The franchise contract, one of the foundations of the franchise system is a contract in which the owner of a distinctive sign, generally registers the brand name (the franchisor) and grant it to an independent storekeeper (the franchisee). The owner holds an advisory and commercial assistance role whereas the franchisee has to pay to enter into the franchise and a fee based on the turnover of the shop. Sometimes the contract can also commit the franchisee to buy equipements and furnitures to the franchisor and to respect standards and certifications in the management of the units.  [7]   The franchise contract must be in compliance with the national law, European law and the code of practices. It describes the interests of members of the franchise network in protecting the franchisors patent rights and in maintaining the common identity of the franchise system. The key points of the contract are the following: The franchisor and franchisees rights and duties Goods or services provided to franchisees The length of the contract The payment terms for the franchisee Renewal terms Termination contract clause, clause of non competition Franchisors duties Franchisees duties Definition of the concept/ innovation regarding the concept to stay competitive/ Ensure a stability in the network Financial duties: entrance fee/ marketing and advertising fees/ Royalties Development of the brands/ of the trade name Respect of the global concept, respect of the trade name, respect of the clauses of the contract, return of all documents and tools at the end of the contract, Convey a knowhow, tools, support Sometimes, exclusivity of supply Table 1 Focus on the basic duties for both parties in the franchise contract Nevertheless, the partners motivations are quite different and can lead to an opportunistic behavior from both parties. Conflict of interests can appear when there is an alignment of interests and behaviors of the franchisor and franchisees (Dant and Nasr, 1998). Indeed, the franchisor is concerned by the profitability of the network and the strengthening of the reputation of the brand (long and middle term objectives) while franchisees seeking short term profitability sometimes in not taking care of the brand image. In the theory of contracts and franchise network (Penard et al., 2004), it has been pointed out that the franchisor can miss to its duties of support, but he can also prevent the franchisee to manage freely its unit or impose a price of sale. The franchisor should have in that field a role of adviser because according to the European law  [8]  , he cannot take an active part in the management of the franchisees unit. In a franchising system, even if it is against the law, the franchisor could give more importance to its company owned units instead of being neutral. However the franchisees can sometimes fail in its duties as well when he does not respect its commitment regarding the commercial standards of the franchisor, some delays in the payment of fees or a lack of cooperation in the data transfer when the franchisor is auditing the unit. 1.5 The relationship between the franchisor and the franchisees The franchise system does not include only two players (the franchisor and the franchisees) but four players according to the French Franchise Federation (2004): The franchisor, an independent contractor that can be a corporate body or a natural person. The franchisee, an independent contractor, corporate body or natural person that has been selected by the franchisor. The network, made up of the franchisor and franchisees. They all work under the same trade name which is a symbol of identity and makes the reputation of the network. The customer who buys for himself products or services and who does not want to know if behind there is a franchisee or a company owned unit. He only seeks a certain quality that makes the brand that known. Figure 2 The conceptual Framework Will to start a business Business ownership Business site Knowledge of the local market Access to the customer Surety of satisfaction/loyalty Know-how Marketing success Distinctive concept Strong brand Surety of turnover Surety of efficiency Franchisors resources Franchisees resources In order to make the franchising concept works efficiently, both side have to work together. To help and protect them, it exists a legislation framework. The contract has to be balanced in order to satisfy both parties. The turnover has to be shared according to the agreement the parties agreed upon. Three decisive factors make a franchising system (Jauffrit and Sie, 2010) efficient. First of all, the quality of the business model and the conditions to test it at the beginning of its creation are essential. The strength of the resources available is also important: financial, technical and above all the human resources from both sides and the quality of the cooperation. Moreover the network should be developed as quickly as possible in order to reach the critical size and make economies of scales. The latter enables to develop the brand, to stretch over the territory, to pay the common equipment, and benefit from purchasing cots more interesting. All these factors permit the access of a well ranked position and gain a competitive advantage.  [9]   1.6 Different ways of controlling in a franchise system In the hospitality industry it exists four categories to control a network (Baglin and Malleret, 1995). The legal control is essential in a integrated network where it exists a capital-intensive link between the company and its manager, but has a less importance in a franchise system. The control on the product or service enables to keep a certain level of standardization defined in the contract and can be completed by the visit of mysterious client or a network coordinator. The respect of the norms is essential in an international network where the brand offers a standardized product or services. It enables to keep a certain consistence in a brand within peoples mind. The control of the financial management, based on the reporting and budget, are partially practiced in a franchise network. The key performance indicators are centralized within a detailed reporting as the fees and royalties are usually calculated on. Regarding the specific performance of a franchisee, the methods are generally advised and supervised but seldom imposed because the law restricts the franchisor to manage and handle the franchisees business. The franchisor has a role of advisor and assistance. Finally the control of human is applied during the recruitment, training and payment. The payment of the franchisee depends on the profit of its business after having paid the franchisor royalties and fees. The franchisor uses its control only when he recruits a new franchisee and when he liven the network up. Controls in a franchise system seem to be rather technical because the franchisor has to be sure that the franchisee respects the offer and the level of standards. 1.7 Focus on the technical control One of the most important difficulties in a franchise system concerns the asymmetry in the information exchange. The franchisor can visit the franchisee, can employ a mysterious visitor to control and can measure the retro claims regarding a specific franchisee. Nevertheless, the dissatisfaction of customers is measured in a satisfaction survey conducted when the malfunctioning has already been realized. However the franchisor can today use new information system tools. He can follow in real time the activity of a franchisee, for instance through an Enterprise Running Planner, and ensure a good visibility. The gathering of data and information can thus be done without supplementary costs and at anytime (Boulay and Kalika, 2007). In addition to the real advantage of such tools, it has an effect on the franchisees behavior and enables to exercise a constant control in the network operations. Chapter Two: Theory on franchising Le desinvestissement par la franchise