Zaha Hadid

She said that, â€Å"It's not a matter of borrowing from here and there and blending it all together in a composite. Rather, there's a stream of events, each of which is an experiment. † So having said that, Gaza Had got influenced by many architects from the past, yes, but she never copied. She experiments. That is why she said that all her projects are a kind of experiment. She herself makes the experiment, and she herself tests the experiment in making a lot of possibilities and never stays at the same point.Gaza Hade's idea is that everyone can experiment but it is easier to experiment when you're younger because you have many questions and by that, you make experiments and you answer your own questions . Hade's concerns rose throughout the time because she said that day by day, people get less and less inventiveness. People get less curious about architecture, which makes her want to change it. [2] Gaza aims to build and her ideas that make images turn into construction. She always thought of the energies. Energies that causes the building to appear. The energies.Energies that causes the building to appear. Appear in a way that we couldn't imagine that it exists. With Gaza Hade's modernity, she wanted to change the world. Change for the better through architecture. Her aspects in changing the world through modernity are a lot. First, the technology, using the present resources that could harness a lot of possibilities but what Gaza Had wants is to make a form to its minimum. Minimum that meaner the future, the new and the modern. Second is changing the world by its act. Gaza Had wanted the people to open their eyes.The world is new but we Just don't recognize it. Modernity is the new world. Gaza Had doesn't invent what she designs. She makes new forms and new ways rooting or modernity. What I noticed about Gaza Had is that yes, she is fond of modernism. Modernism meaning edgy shapes and geometric forms, but she changed it. Looking by all her designs , there is a similarity. The curves that are present in all of her designs are much seen by the people. This shows her feminism. Not being biased to the sexuality, but it shows how different a woman can do with her own design.PEAHEN SCIENCE MUSEUM The Peahen Science Museum located in Wolfhound, Germany that was completed in November 2005. The concept and idea of this building is a magic box where people are capable of peeing their minds with curiosity and desire for discovery in all who open it. Just like the building, since it is a science museum, it should speak to its self. Science makes us curious and this building gives you the desire to enter and to discover. Science makes us curious and this building gives you the desire to enter and to discover. 1] The Peahen Science Museum as described by Gaza Had, â€Å"the most ambitious and complete statement of our quest for complex, dynamic, and fluid spaces. † It does not simply imply a normal building but it adds the technolog y of today. This building s designed to not to obey the standard rules of construction but Had made a realm of possibilities. She always thought that nothing is impossible because this building requires new methods and materials in order to build. As said by Gaza Had, â€Å"to create an urban field on the ground, with an object above was a rare opportunity for us. Looking at it from the outside, it looks so massive and complex which makes it look like a spaceship. It shows a huge hold on the ground. Same as entering from the inside, the massiveness is still there and transgress occurs. What I like about this building are the lights. It is easy to make lights in a very simple way, yes, but Gaza Had did it differently. Making the lights small which makes the concept bring back to life. The desire to discover is what they want to achieve like questioning why are the lights like that?Why aren't the walls are enclosed properly? Why does it have to be this massive? It makes us questions things and discover with our own minds. Having number of columns that makes it float makes the next level of the building columns. Which makes it unique and strange at the same tame. She was able to make open spaces that makes it look like not claustrophobic. Because imagine this building without the windows and the open spaces it feels like no one would go and enter inside that is a contrary to their concept of a magic box. Umber of columns that makes it float makes the next level of the building columns. Which makes it unique and strange at the same tame. She was able to make open spaces that makes it look like not claustrophobic. Because imagine this building without the windows and the open spaces it feels like no one would go and enter inside that is a contrary to their concept of a magic box. I think what Gaza Had did to this building was an experiment. Not that she had fun making in or something, but experiment of design.From what I said earlier, Gaza Had always wanted experi ments but it never stays the same. Had make buildings massive yet breathtaking. What Gaza Had designs are simply answers to our questions. She designs by her passion and energy that correlates from her intentions and ideas. Gaza never make things complicated she's Just making architecture a realm of possibility for everyone to appreciate it. Http://www. Gaza-had. Com/architecture/peahen-science-centre/#section-assets http://www. Airspace. Com/features/Gaza-had-architects/peahen-science-center-/

Symbiotic Ants and Aphids Have a Strong Relationship

Symbiotic Ants and Aphids Have a Strong Relationship Ants and aphids share a well-documented symbiotic relationship, which means they both benefit mutually from their working relationship. Aphids produce a sugary food for the ants, in exchange, ants care for and protect the aphids from predators and parasites. Aphids Produce a Sugary Meal Aphids are also known as plant lice, they are very small sap-sucking insects that collect the sugar-rich fluids from host plants. Aphids are also the bane of farmers the whole world over. Aphids are known crop destroyers. The aphids must consume large quantities of a plant to gain adequate nutrition. The aphids then excrete equally large quantities of waste, called honeydew, which in turn becomes a sugar-rich meal for ants. Ants Turn Into Dairy Farmers As most people know, where there is sugar, there is bound to be ants. Some ants are so hungry for the aphid honeydew, that they will milk the aphids to make them excrete the sugary substance. The ants stroke the aphids with their antennae, stimulating them to release the honeydew. Some aphid species have lost the ability to excrete waste  on their own and depend entirely on caretaker ants to milk them. Aphids in an Ants Care Aphid-herding ants make sure aphids stay well-fed and safe. When the host plant is depleted of nutrients, the ants carry their aphids to a new food source. If predatory insects or parasites attempt to harm the aphids, the ants will defend them aggressively. Some ants even go so far as to destroy the eggs of known aphid predators like ladybugs. Some species of ants continue to care for aphids during winter. The ants carry the aphid eggs to their nests for the winter months. They store the precious aphids where temperatures and humidity are optimal, and move them as needed when conditions in the nest change. In spring, when the aphids hatch, the ants carry them to a host plant to feed. A well-documented example of the extraordinary mutualistic relationship of a corn root aphid, from the species Aphis middletonii,  and their caretaker cornfield ants,  Lasius. Corn root aphids, as their name suggests, live and feed on the roots of corn plants. At the end of the growing season, the aphids deposit eggs in the soil where the corn plants have withered. The cornfield ants collect the aphid eggs and store them for the winter. Smartweed is a fast-growing weed that can grow in the spring in the cornfields. Cornfield ants carry the newly hatched aphids to the field and deposit them on the temporary host smartweed plants so they can begin feeding. Once the corn plants are growing, the ants move their honeydew-producing partners to the corn plants, their preferred host plant. Ants Enslave Aphids While it appears the ants are generous caretakers of aphids, ants are more concerned about maintaining their steady honeydew source than anything else. Aphids are almost always wingless, but certain environmental conditions will trigger them to develop wings. If the aphid population becomes too dense, or food sources decline, aphids can grow wings to fly to a new location. Ants, however, do not look favorably upon losing their food source. Ants can prevent aphids from dispersing. Ants have been observed tearing the wings from aphids before they can become airborne. Also, a recent study has shown that ants can use semiochemicals to stop the aphids from developing wings and to impede their ability to walk away. Resources and Further Reading Cranshaw, Whitney, and Richard Redak. Bugs Rule!: An Introduction to the World of Insects. Princeton University, 2013.

Lee v. Weisman (1992) - Prayers at School Graduation

Lee v. Weisman (1992) - Prayers at School Graduation How far can a school go when it comes to accommodating the religious beliefs of students and parents? Many schools have traditionally had someone offer prayers at important school events like graduations, but critics argue that such prayers violate the separation of church and state because they mean that the government is endorsing particular religious beliefs. Fast Facts: Lee v. Weisman Case Argued: November 6, 1991Decision Issued:Â  June 24, 1992Petitioner: Robert E. LeeRespondent: Daniel WeismanKey Question: Did letting a religious officiant offer a prayer during an official public school ceremony violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment?Majority Decision: Justices Blackmun, O’Connor, Stevens, Kennedy, and SouterDissenting: Justices Rehnquist, White, Scalia, and ThomasRuling: Since the graduation was state-sponsored, the prayer was deemed in violation of the Establishment Clause. Background Information Nathan Bishop Middle School in Providence, RI, traditionally invited clergy to offer prayers at graduation ceremonies. Deborah Weisman and her father, Daniel, both of whom were Jewish, challenged the policy and filed suit in court, arguing that the school had turned itself into a house of worship after a rabbis benediction. At the disputed graduation, the rabbi thanked for: ...the legacy of America where diversity is celebrated...O God, we are grateful for the learning which we have celebrated on this joyous commencement...we give thanks to you, Lord, for keeping us alive, sustaining us and allowing us to reach this special, happy occasion. With help from the Bush administration, the school board argued that the prayer was not an endorsement of religion or of any religious doctrines. The Weismans were supported by the ACLU and other groups interested in religious freedom. Both the district and appellate courts agreed with the Weismans and found the practice of offering prayers unconstitutional. The case was appealed to the Supreme Court where the administration asked it to overturn the three-prong test created in Lemon v. Kurtzman. Court Decision Arguments were made on November 6th, 1991. On June 24th 1992, the Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that prayers during school graduation violate the Establishment Clause. Writing for the majority, Justice Kennedy found that officially sanctioned prayers in public schools were so clearly a violation that the case could be decided without relying upon the Courts earlier church/separation precedents, thus avoiding questions about the Lemon Test entirely. According to Kennedy, the governments involvement in religious exercises at graduation is pervasive and unavoidable. The state creates both public and peer pressure on students to rise for and remain silent during prayers. State officials not only determine that an invocation and benediction should be given, but also select the religious participant and provide guidelines for the content of the nonsectarian prayers. The Court viewed this extensive state participation as coercive in the elementary and secondary school settings. The state in effect required participation in a religious exercise, since the option of not attending one of lifes most significant occasions was no real choice. At a minimum, the Court concluded, the Establishment Clause guarantees that government may not coerce anyone to support or participate in religion or its exercise. What to most believers may seem nothing more than a reasonable request that the nonbeliever respect their religious practices, in a school context may appear to the nonbeliever or dissenter to be an attempt to employ the machinery of the State to enforce a religious orthodoxy. Although a person could stand for the prayer merely as a sign of respect for others, such an action could justifiably be interpreted as accepting the message. The control held by teachers and principals over the students actions forces those graduating to submit to the standards of behavior. This is sometimes referred to as the Coercion Test. Graduation prayers fail this test because they put impermissible pressure on students to participate in, or at least show respect for, the prayer. In a dictum, Justice Kennedy wrote about the importance of the separating church and state: The First Amendments Religion Clauses mean that religious beliefs and religious expression are too precious to be either proscribed or prescribed by the State. The design of the Constitution is that preservation and transmission of religious beliefs and worship is a responsibility and a choice committed to the private sphere, which itself is promised freedom to pursue that mission. [...] A state-created orthodoxy puts at grave risk that freedom of belief and conscience which are the sole assurance that religious faith is real, not imposed. In a sarcastic and scathing dissent, Justice Scalia said that prayer is a common and accepted practice of bringing people together and the government should be allowed to promote it. The fact that prayers can cause division for those who disagree with or are even offended by the content simply wasnt relevant, as far as he was concerned. He also didnt bother to explain how sectarian prayers from one religion could unify people of many different religions, never mind people with no religion at all. Significance This decision failed to reverse the standards established by the Court in Lemon. Instead, this ruling extended the prohibition of school prayer to graduation ceremonies and refused to accept the idea that a student would not be harmed by standing during the prayer without sharing the message contained in the prayer.

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Communication - Essay Example Center of discussion in this paper is communication as â€Å"a process of sharing facts, ideas, opinion thoughts and information through speech, writing, gesture or symbol between two or more person†. But in general point of view, communication is the procedure of interacting with peers. The procedure of communication enables sharing of ideas, thoughts and feeling. Every day human beings interact with their families and friends that provide them with significant opportunities to share their feelings, perceptions, desires and other personal with other but it would have been impossible without communication. Hence, it can be stated that communication is one of the most apparent and essential processes and is integral to the human life. Process of communication consists of four major components, i.e. sender, message, receiver, and feedback which are processed through verbal and non-verbal means. For instance, communication can take place both through verbal and non-verbal modes o f communication such as mouth in verbal procedures and visual, aural and gesture in non-verbal procedures. Sender is the person who transmit message, receiver are those who receives message from the sender. Messages enclose facts, feelings and ideas of the sender. The process ends with feedback that contains receiver’s responds and reply to the message sent by the sender. Through the assistance of feedback, sender can identify the receivers’ reaction level. Communication process is also affected due to the existing barriers which are of two types, i.e. internal barrier and external barrier. Internal barrier generally comprises poor listening ability, lack of attention between the parties, mistrust, and personal problems. External communication barrier can be ensued during bad connection in the phone, network problem, and noise (Samovar, 2009). Therefore, it can be stated that communication has made human life imperative. Verbal Communication Language is one of the vita l requirements for the communication procedure. Communication processed with the help of words is recognized as verbal communication. In the prior description it has been notified that verbal communication contains two procedures oral and written communication. During Verbal communication or oral communication one party sends message to another party, through speech. If the listener and speaker can comprehend with the each other than the process of verbal communication can achieve success (Business Studies, n.d). Figure: Process of verbal communication Feedback Source: (Buffalo State University, n.d.) Verbal communication takes place through the above procedure. Speakers first encode the message through the proper channel. Verbal communication channel can be telephone calls and face to face interactions. After encoding the message, decoding process is done and the messages are transmitted to the listener. Feedback is the opinion of the receiver as conveyed to the sender. Through thi s process listener responds and the speaker can recognise the other party. Thus, communication can be stated as a continuous process taking place in the daily life of human

Basic Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Basic Statistics - Essay Example A negative correlation implies that the likelihood of depression reduces with an increase in age. A positive correlation would have been indicated by straight line implying that as a person ages there is an increase in the likelihood of individuals being depressed according to the data provided in book 5 (Weiss, 2006). In essence, an analysis of the data using SYSTAT implies that there is no significant correlation between age and depression. Age should therefore not be a factor when predicting the likelihood of an individual becoming depressed. Therefore, one can conclude that biological factors related to ageing do not affect the capacity of individuals to deal effectively and healthily with depression. In fact, the weak correlation implies that as one gets older perhaps due to experience and hardening they become less prone to depression. Analysis using SYSTAT indicates that the correlation between work and depression work and depression is actually -0.113. A correlation with a figure less that 1 indicates that there is no correlation between the two variables or the correlation could be very weak to be of any statistical significance. In this case one can comfortably conclude that there is no significant relationship between work and depression. The independent variable in this case was work and the dependent variable was depression. The correlation value in this case assumes a negative integer. The positive integer implies that there is a negative correlation between work and depression according to the data provided in book 5 (Weiss, 2006). This implies that if the value of the integer was 1 then it would have been expected that the people without work were more likely to be depressed that the people who were working. In essence, the data may be implying that although work is not a significant determinant with reg ard to the prevalence of depression according to the data, it

Meet Your Rep - Columbus, Ohio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Meet Your Rep - Columbus, Ohio - Essay Example As the representative for Ohio, he believes that proper delivery of education to the public is the way to deliver sustainable development. Pat Tiberi is a son of Italian immigrants and this means that his background is economically humble. According to his website, he and his siblings attended public school and this has created a passion for proper public education. However, even though he has these ideas, implementing such ideas is made harder because of the structure of the government, where the president’s office is the one that creates budget estimates and also indirectly controls the funding methods (GAO, 2012). Pat is a partisan politician and this may reflect in the way he looks at issues. Coming from a middleclass background may mean that he depends on sponsors for his political campaigns and this may also affect the way he represents the people. Campaign money from sponsors may mean that he is subject to manipulation by the sponsors and this may mean that he is not well focused or that he may support political causes just to satisfy the sponsors. This can be seen in his disagreement with the Obamacare health plan and support for Medicare even though years of history suggest that Medicare was not working to provide good healthcare to the people of the United States of America. GAO. (2012, September 25). An Overview of Federal Funding Levels and Selected Challenges. Retrieved February 07, 2013, from Grants to State and Local Governments:

Sports Sociology from a feminist point of view

Sports Sociology from a feminist point of view Women participation in sports has a history marked by division and inequity. However, women have experiences major accomplishments by female athletes helping to make significant progress for gender equality and the empowerment of women. The essay will explain some of the historical developments with reference to different theoretical perspective of feminism such as liberal, radical and socialist feminisms. It will also critically discuss feminisms and how female are exploited by patriarchy society. Feminism is a dynamic, diverse and often conflicting collection of social theories and moral philosophies (Burke, 2008). It is similar to Marxism because both are political theories that were develop to solve the inequality, exploitation and poverty in society. While Marxism is largely motivated by the struggle of social class, feminism focuses on the experiences of women, particularly in terms of their political, social and economical inequalities. One prospective of feminism focuses on seeking no particular privileges but merely demand that everyone receive equal political, economical and social consideration without discrimination on the basis of sex (Adkins, 2004). Another opposing type of modern feminism, opposes existing political and social institution in general because its tied to a male dominated society. Thus, feminism has no single, universal form that represents all feminists. The rise of feminism movement can be divided into three waves. The first wave began in the late 1800s to early 1900s referring mainly to the statue of women in family and allowing womens right to vote known as the suffrage movement. The second wave refers to the action of the womens liberation movement beginning in the early 1950s which campaigned for social and legal equality for women. The third wave feminism began in the 1990s and embraced conflict, contradictions and accommodated diversity and change. Waves of Feminism The waves of feminism are a historical progression in each waves has bringing a swelling of momentum that carried women closer to equality in society. The early movement has come to known as the first wave which was established in United States and United Kingdom around the late 1800s to early 1900s. They major concerned was to help promote women equality in education, employment and property rights. However, by the end of the nineteenth century, many feminist such as Susan B. Anthony and Lucy Stone fought to gain more political power for women; particularly the right of womens suffrage. Woman did have success as a result of the 1st World War occur meaning women replaced men in civilian work-force and also served in the military support roles. Feminist also had significant success in reforms in education, and broadening access to different profession and in healthcare. It is considered that the first-wave came to end when the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution was passed enabli ng women the right to vote (Lee Ling, 2001). The progression of first-wave feminism was significant; however, without the continuation of the second-wave, feminisms would not be as advance as it is in current times (can u think of another way can say that), for each wave is interrelated and dependent on each others history. In the early 1960s Second Wave of feminism emerged. Second-wave focuses was broader than the first-wave. It was concerned on inequalities such as the economic freedom, the rights for female to have abortion, equal and accessibility to certain male dominated institution such as sports. It also began to challenge the domination of patriarchy society and gender inequality in all aspects. In 1963 A Feminist named Betty Friedan publicised a landmark book called The Feminine Mystique. This book would be a pivotal moment in the history of second wave feminism. The book give an insight on how upper to middle class women felt discontented about their restricted opportunity in life (Changfoot, 2002). Friedan soon became one of the leading feminist in the Second wave, and eventually helped establish the National Organization for Women, whose purpose was to promote gender equality and to protect and support women rights. Perhaps one of the biggest achievements of Second Wave Feminism was in the United States by the passage of Title IX (Ackerly Attanasi, 2006). This enabled women to have access to education, particularly in university and professional schools. In addition, the work of these feminists allow employment opportunities that before had been confined to men accessible to women. The Third Wave of feminism that emerged in the 1990s and is still current to this day. Like all feminism, the third wave focuses on the social, economic, political and personal empowerment of women, but this differ to pervious waves because it concerns were more on the individual empowerment of women and less on activism. Ferguson (2002) commented on the third wave as a new direction for feminism to celebrates womens voyage to build meaningful identities in a complex contemporary world (p2). Third wave feminists celebrate diversity unlike previous waves and the Womens Liberation Movement; it was often criticized for focusing too narrowly on the events of middle-class, Caucasian and heterosexual women. Third wave feminists do not reject political activism, but the emphasis relies more on women personal empowerment as an initial point for societal change. Zinn and Dill (2005) propose there are multiple systems of domination that create inequality for women known as a matrix of dominati on. Feminist theories Feminism is not a unified or a simple philosophy. Many women and man consider themselves feminists; most of their ideology may vary considerably. The feminist theories aim to understand the nature of gender inequality, promoting womens rights, while generally providing a critique of social relations. This essay will focus on looking a liberal, socialist and radical feminism. Liberal feminism is characterized on the emphasis of wanting both genders to be equal within society. According to the theory, society itself does not need a major revolution, but rather propose that laws need to be changed and opportunities which enable more accessibly for women to become equal in society. To a liberal feminist, evidence of progress occurs when a number of women gain more positions previous occupied by men, particularly high end positions. In the United Kingdom and the major of the Western world, liberal feminism is the most common form of feminism. Gale, (2009) argues that even if women are no longer reliant upon men, they will still need to be governed by a patriarchal state. Radical Feminist argues institutional changes such as the introduction of womens suffrage are inadequate to emancipate women. In contrast socialist feminism emphasizes that equality for women will not be achieve without a significant change within society mainly economic change also socialist feminists focus on collective change and empowerment. Similar to Marxism, socialist feminists argue that there are basic inequalities built in to a capitalist society because capital and power are shared unequally. Thus, it not sufficient enough for women to achieve powerful positions in society, but power and capital need to be distributed equally (Fleck, 2004). Critic argues that socialist feminism neither is revolutionary nor radical enough to generate a solution to the difficulty for women economic and social exploitation. Another argument is not all male and female relationships are characterised by exploitation and oppression. Radical feminism is focuses on patriarchy and the system of power that organizes society. It is similar to socialist feminism in the sense that it emphasizes the need for severe social change for women to truly have equality. Radical feminists believe that society is very largely patriarchal, and as a result founds that women are oppressed. A criticism for radical feminism is it focuses much on the patriarchy society and need to consider the concepts such as ethnicity, religion and social class. Another criticism is reverse discrimination when women pushed unfairly into senior position. Feminism in sports Womens participation in sports has risen significantly in the twentieth century, particularly in the last quarter. It this partly due to the changes in modern societies that encourage gender parity. While the level of participation and performance still alters depending on the country and by sport. Although there has been many improvement in the accessibility in sport many feminist argue, that sports has been socially constructed hyper masculine, thus it has been more limited to men. Vale, (1998) found evidence to support this by looking at the incredible resistance to included women in certain mens institutions. Augusta National is the golf club which is also home to the Masters Tournament which does not allow women members to join. When women have tried to join the club or have made protest outside the parameter, the reaction from the club has boarded on hostility. As a results Vale, (1996) question if sport is so beneficial for men, why do men and institution, hold such resistant to offer all that is good in sport to women. Radical feminism have criticised the patriarchy society on how they portray women in sports. For example Sports Illustrated portrays women by presents demeaning stereotypes of female sexuality, encouraging men to view women as sex objects and by turning voyeurism into a sport.